Jehovah's Witnesses Cult
Jehovah's Witnesses, also known as the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (with headquarters in Brooklyn, New York), was officially founded in 1884 [as the Zion's Watch Tower and Tract Society (originally the Zion's Watch Tower in 1879), officially adopting the name of Jehovah's Witnesses in 1931], by Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916). In 1870, Russell was exposed to the teachings of William Miller, one of the founders of the Second Adventist Movement and acquired an interest in end time prophecies. Russell originally denied the doctrine of Hell, and would go on to reject nearly every other Christian doctrine, as well as add many physically and spiritually dangerous doctrines of his own making. Many of these unique and bizarre teachings were to be found in his six volume series titled, Studies in the Scriptures.
For the year 2000, the Watchtower Society claims
a worldwide membership of over six million (about one million U.S.) in more
than 91,000 congregations in 235 countries speaking 340 languages, and takes
in approximately 300,000 new members each year (288,907 in 2000). According to
JW statistics, yearly proselytizing is accomplished via 4.8 million home Bible
studies and 1.2 billion hours of witnessing. The JWs field over 500,000 full
and part-time missionaries. Instruction and training are provided for all JWs
at five meetings a week, held primarily in "Kingdom Halls." Every week, an
average of 45 new JW congregations are formed. [In
the year 2000 in the United States alone, it was reported that 988,000
Jehovah's Witnesses spent more than 181 million hours in field service (i.e.,
door-to-door witnessing and Bible studies).]
JW leadership claims its victims by asserting itself to be the sole Christian
religion and authority on the earth today, as well as God's mouthpiece or
prophet. The Watchtower further disrupts families through its harsh and
unbiblical interpretation of "disfellowshipping" and the practice of
"shunning." Family members who are former JWs are labeled by Watchtower
adherents as "apostates" and prevented from even social contact.
Disfellowshipped or disassociated children, parents, and grandparents are kept
from any type of communication with active members of the organization.
Divorces are common within the sect when one member becomes disillusioned with
Watchtower teaching and mind-control.
Not only has the name of this cult been changed time and again, but they also
change their doctrines regularly -- between 1917 and 1928, they changed their
doctrines 148 times! (Prior to 1931, Jehovah's Witnesses had also gone by the
names of Millennial Dawn, People's Pulpit Association, The Brooklyn
Tabernacle, and the International Bible Students Association.) Russell died in
1916 and was replaced by the second president, Joseph F. Rutherford. "A
process of replacing Russell's writings with Rutherford's began in 1921 with
the publication of Rutherford's Harp of God. Between 1921 and 1941,
Rutherford was to write twenty books and numerous pamphlets, which would
slowly revise the doctrine and structure left him by Russell" (Encyclopedia
of American Religions, G. Melton, Vol. 1, p. 485). One of Rutherford's
books that caused a great amount of controversy was the seventh volume of the
Studies in the Scriptures.
Russell adopted many of his doctrines from the
Seventh-Day
Adventists, but the JWs began to emphasize door-to-door evangelism and
literature distribution after Russell's death and subsequent leadership
assumption by Joseph Franklin Rutherford. The JWs have published over ten
billion pieces of literature since 1928. Its main periodicals are The
Watchtower magazine (circulation of over 20 million in more than 130
languages) and Awake! (about 16 million copies in more than 80
languages), both published semi-monthly.
Historically, the JWs are best known for their practices of refusing: (1) to
serve in the military; (2) to salute the flag; (3) to celebrate Christmas,
birthdays, or other holidays; and (4) to give or to accept blood transfusions.
[Rejecting the medical practices of vaccinations, organ transplants, and blood
transfusions, the Watchtower has caused the deaths of many of its members
throughout its history. Interestingly, vaccinations and organ transplants have
now been acknowledged by the Watchtower as acceptable practices, contradicting
their previous doctrinal position.] (Although some of these practices are
neither Biblical nor unbiblical in and of themselves, depending upon one's
motives and the exact nature of the practice, the reasons the JWs
give for them often are unbiblical.)
Below are the highlights of
what JWs believe concerning their source of authority, the Godhead,
Christ, sin, salvation, heaven and hell, etc.:
1. Source of Authority. JWs claim the Bible as their final
authority, but Russell's writings, especially Studies in the Scriptures,
are considered "the light of the Scriptures." JWs have their own translation
of the Scriptures (New World Translation, published in 1961),
which reflects the binding interpretations of the group's leaders.
The JWs' New World Translation greatly perverts the Scriptures to
avoid placing themselves under the judgment of God (cf. Jn. 1:1; 8:58; I Tim.
2:6; Ac. 10:36; Col. 1:16-17; 2:9-10; etc.). Hence, the leader's
interpretation of the Bible, not the Bible itself, is the final authority of
JWs. The Watchtower magazine is one of the JWs main sources of
doctrine, and is considered authoritative by its members.
2. Trinity. JWs believe that God is not a triune God, but
only "Jehovah God" (Let God Be True, pp. 100-101); they teach that
Trinitarianism is a belief in three gods, and thereby, Satan-inspired
polytheism. Rutherford wrote: "... sincere persons who want to know the true
God and serve him find it a bit difficult to love and worship a complicated,
freakish-looking, three-headed God. The clergy who inject such ideas will
contradict themselves in the very next breath by stating that God made man in
his own image; for certainly no one has ever seen a three-headed human
creature" (Let God Be True, 2nd ed., pp. 101-102).
3. God the Father. Known as Jehovah, the
Watchtower considers Him to be the only true eternal God, the Almighty. They
write, "There was, therefore, a time when Jehovah was all alone in universal
space" (Let God Be True, p. 25). Being alone, the first creative act of
Jehovah was to create His Son.
4. Jesus
Christ. Since JWs do not believe in the Trinity, they also do not
believe that Jesus is God in the flesh. They add the word "other" four times
to Colossians 1:16,17, teaching that Christ was God's first creation,
i.e., the reincarnation of Michael the archangel created by Jehovah, rather
than the Creator. [The "Watchtower" teaches that Jehovah God created
Michael the Archangel before the foundation of the world; Michael was His only
begotten son by virtue of the fact that he was the only creature directly
created by Jehovah. It was this created Michael who became the JW Jesus (i.e.,
a denial of the eternality of Christ). JWs say that "Since actual conception
took place, it appears that Jehovah God caused an ovum or egg in Mary's womb
to become fertile, accomplishing this by the transfer of the life of his first
born son (Michael) from the spirit realm to the earth" (Aid to Bible
Understanding, p. 920). "Marvelously, Jehovah transferred the
life-force and the personality pattern of his first born heavenly son
(Michael) to the womb of Mary. God's own active force, his holy spirit,
safeguarded the development of the child in Mary's womb so that what was born
was a perfect human" (Reasoning, p. 255).] JWs also add an "a" in
John 1:1, making the verse read, "the Word was a
god" (which in essence, makes the JWs guilty of the same polytheism of which
they accuse Trinitarians).
5. Use of Name Jehovah. JWs use the name "Jehovah" only for
God (in order to distinguish between God and Jesus Christ), while failing to
recognize that Jesus is the fulfillment of "Jehovah" in Isaiah 40:3 and
Matthew 3:3. [HJB]
6. Resurrection of Christ . JWs deny the bodily resurrection of
Christ through their teaching that the body of Christ was annihilated by God
-- not risen -- but rather a new one was created three days after
His death. This they call the "resurrection" of Christ. Thus, Jesus was
"resurrected" as a "glorious spirit creature" and does not now have a
glorified physical body. Instead, they claim Jesus arose spiritually and only
"materialized" at various times after His resurrection so He could be seen
alive. (Awake!, 7/22/73, p. 4)
7. The Holy Spirit. JWs deny the deity of the third person of
the Trinity, as either God or as a person; they claim that the Holy Spirit is
only an impersonal "active force of Almighty God which moves His servants to
do His will" (Reasoning From the Scriptures, pp. 406-407; The
Watchtower, 6/1/54, p. 24). They have written, "But the holy spirit has no
personal name. The reason for this is that the holy spirit is not an
intelligent person. It is the impersonal, invisible active force that finds
its source and reservoir in Jehovah God and that he uses to accomplish his
will even at great distances, over light years of space" (Let Your Name Be
Sanctified, p. 269).
8. Sin. JWs believe that the first man, Adam, disobeyed
Jehovah when tempted by the angel Lucifer, who was jealous of man. As a result
of disobedience, Adam and all his descendants lost the right to life and so
became liable to death. This liability is applied to temporal death only.
9. Salvation . JWs claim everlasting life is a reward for doing
the will of God and carrying out one's dedication -- in other words, salvation
is a reward for good works. (JWs are expected to spend five hours per week in
door-to-door visitation and witnessing, are responsible for selling twelve
subscriptions to The Watchtower magazine each month, and are
responsible for conducting a "Bible study" each month in the homes of their
converts.) According to JW theology, a person has one of three possible
destinies. The Anointed (144,000) will be in heaven to reign with Jehovah God.
The rest of the faithful Jehovah's Witnesses (not of the 144,000) will live
forever on a paradise Earth. Both of these classifications are determined to a
great extent on membership in the Watchtower organization as well as going
door-to-door spreading the message of the Watchtower. Those people who are not
members of the Watchtower organization will be destroyed by Jehovah God and
cease to exist. There is no concept of eternal punishment or hell in
Watchtower theology (Let God Be True, pp. 90-95, 289). They also
believe that men will have a second chance, after death, to be saved.
10. The Body of Christ. JWs believe that the members of the spiritual Body of Christ, or "Christian Congregation," number only 144,000 (Rev. 7:4-8). Most of those members of Christ's Body are now deceased and are reigning with Jesus in heaven since 1918. (Anybody born after 1936 cannot be in that number.) The remaining members still on earth, approximately 8,000 (out of whom are selected the "Governing Body"), are known as the "Remnant." They are collectively known as Jehovah God's "channel of communication" to men. They are the only ones "born again" and are the only ones who have a hope of going to Heaven. The rest of Jehovah's faithful witnesses only hope to be worthy enough to inherit the Earth, and will never see "Jesus/Michael," nor will they ever go to Heaven. All "so called Christendom" will be destroyed at Armageddon.
11. Soul Sleep. JWs deny the
immortality of the soul. They do not believe the soul can exist apart from the
body, but that a corpse remains in an unconscious state in the grave waiting
for the resurrection. [HJB]
12. Annihilation of the Wicked. JWs teach that the "second
death" is annihilation and extinction -- the wicked will cease to exist and
will not suffer everlasting torment. They claim that a "doctrine of a burning
hell" is "wholly unscriptural," "unreasonable," "contrary to God's love," and
"repugnant to justice." [HJB] They claim that "hell" is the
grave.
13. Prophecy . The Bible lists six identifying marks of false
prophets, any one of which is sufficient for identification: (1) through signs
and wonders they lead astray after false gods (Dt. 13:1-4); (2) their
prophecies don't come to pass (Dt. 18:20-22); (3) they contradict God's Word (Isa.
8:20); (4) they bear bad fruit (Mt. 7:18-20); (5) men speak well of them (Lk.
6:26); and (6) they deny that Jesus, the one and only Christ, has come once
and for all in the flesh (1 Jn. 4:3), thereby denying His sufficiency in all
matters of life and godliness (2 Pe. 1:3). Most cults are founded upon false
prophecies, which, if pointed out, offer an effective way to open blind eyes
and rescue cultists. Russell's false prophecies formed the basis for what
became The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society and the Jehovah's Witnesses.
Russell declared that the Second Coming had taken place invisibly in October
1874, and the Lord was truly present, and that in 1914 the faithful (the
144,000) would be translated to heaven and the wicked destroyed. Armageddon
(which began in 1874) would culminate in 1914 with the complete overthrow of
earth's rulers and the end of the world. C.T. Russell, still on earth, died in
1916.
In the early 1920s, JWs zealously distributed on the streets and from door to
door a book titled Millions Now Living Will Never Die. It was
prophesied, "The year 1925 is a date definitely and clearly marked in the
Scriptures, even more clearly than that of 1914 ... we may confidently expect
that 1925 will mark the return of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the faithful
prophets of old ... to the condition of human perfection" ("Millions Now
Living Will Never Die," The Watchtower, 7/15/24, p. 89). The JWs
even built a house in San Diego where the patriarchs were to live and tried to
deed it to King David. (The house was quietly sold in 1954.) In the early
1940s, JWs were declaring that Armageddon, only months away, would end World
War II and the defeat of the Nazis would usher in God's rule on earth (The
Watchtower, 12/41). Their book, Children, suggested that
plans to marry and have children be postponed until after Armageddon. It's
been a long wait! Not giving up, they later prophesied that God's millennial
kingdom would commence in 1975. Again JWs were told not to engage in any plans
for this world, including marriage and having children. Many quit their jobs,
sold their homes, and dedicated themselves to going door to door. (Source:
3/97, The Berean Call.) All in all, the Watchtower has predicted
the end of the world for 1914, 1918, 1925, 1975, and 1989.
Five Myths of Jehovah's Witnesses
(Source: 4Q1993, The DISCERNER.)
Myth #1: The JWs are polytheist, believing in both a big God,
Jehovah, and a little God, Jesus Christ.
Fact: JWs are absolutely monotheist, believing in Jehovah the
Father who is the one true God and in His son, Jesus Christ, who is not God in
any way at all.
Myth #2: JWs are pacifist and refuse to pay taxes.
Fact: JWs today refer to their stand as neutrality, not
pacifism; that is, they are not against the use of force or even killing;
rather they seek to maintain strict neutrality in the world's affairs, not
taking sides or serving any government. As to paying taxes, the Witnesses do
pay them.
Myth #3: JWs will not accept blood for any reason.
Fact: While it's true that they will not accept blood
transfusions, JWs are allowed to have all the component parts of blood plasma.
Myth #4: The Watchtower Society claims to be an inspired
prophet with continuing revelations.
Fact: JWs' Governing Body has always enjoyed all the privileges of
prophets or apostles without any of the responsibilities. So, technically,
though they do not claim to be inspired prophets, in practice, that is just
what they are to the millions of JWs around the world.
[Due
to the resignation of the Governing Body's president and six other board
members in October of 2000, JWs formed three new corporations to run its U.S.
operations.]
Myth #5: JWs are super-zealots living exemplary Christian
lives.
Fact: The foremost reason for their super zealot reputation
is the active door-to-door ministry. Many are impressed by their willingness
to spend so much time in their mission work. But what are their motives?
Mainly they are fear and guilt. The tight control the organization holds over
its members helps bring about conformity in moral standards.
More Documentation of JW Beliefs
1. There is one God in one person (Make Sure of All Things, p. 188).
2. There is no Trinity (Let God be True, pp. 100-101; Make Sure of All Things, p. 386); i.e., Unitarian.
3. The Holy Spirit is a force, not alive (Reasoning from the Scriptures, 1985, pp. 406-407).
4. The Holy Spirit is God's impersonal active force (The Watchtower, June 1, 1952, p. 24).
5. Jehovah's first creation was his "only-begotten Son" ... was used by Jehovah in creating all other things (Aid to Bible Understanding, pp. 390-391), i.e., deny the eternality of the Son).
6. Jesus was Michael the archangel who became a man (The Watchtower, May 15, 1963, p. 307; The New World, p. 284).
7. Jesus was only a perfect man, not God in flesh (Reasoning from the Scriptures, 1985, pp. 89-90) i.e., Scripture is wrong.
8. Jesus did not rise from the dead in his physical body (Awake! July 22, 1973, p. 4).
9. Jesus was raised "not a human creature, but a spirit" (Let God be True, p. 276).
10. Jesus did not die on a cross but on a stake (Reasoning from the Scriptures, 1985, pp. 89-90), i.e., Scripture is wrong.
11. Jesus returned to earth, invisibly, in 1914 (The Truth Shall Make You Free, p. 300).
12. Jesus' ransom sacrifice did not include Adam (Let God be True, p. 119).
13. The JW church is the self-proclaimed prophet of God (The Watchtower, February 15, 1979, p. 30).
14. JWs claim to be the only channel of God's truth (The Watchtower, February 15, 1981, p. 19).
15. Only their church members will be saved, i.e., 144,000 of them (The Watchtower, February 15, 1979, p. 30).
16. Good works are necessary for salvation (Studies in the Scriptures, Vol. 1, pp. 150, 152).
17. The soul ceases to exist after death, i.e., annihilation (Let God be True, pp. 59, 60, 67).
18. There is no hell of fire where the wicked are punished (Let God be True, pp. 79-80).
19. Only 144,000 Jehovah's Witnesses go to heaven (Reasoning from the Scriptures, 1985, pp. 166-167, 361; Let God be True, p. 121).
20. Blood transfusions are a sin (Reasoning from the Scriptures, 1985, pp. 72-73).
21. Salvation is by faith and what you do (Studies in the Scriptures, Vol. 1, pp. 150, 152).
22. It is possible to lose your salvation (Reasoning from the Scriptures, 1985, pp. 358-359).
23. The universe is billions of years old, though created by a Creator, i.e., theistic evolution (Your will Be Done on Earth, p. 43).
24. Each of the six creative days of God in Genesis 1, was 7,000 years long. Therefore, Man was created toward the end of 42,000 years of earth's preparation (Let God be True, p. 168).
The Jehovah's
Witness "Jesus" -- what JWs confess and what they mean are
two totally different things: (Source: 1/94, Mount Carmel Outreach
Newsletter.)
(1) "Jesus Christ is the Son of God." -- The first created son of God
was known as Michael the Archangel. This angel was recreated as a perfect man
on earth and named "Jesus." This Jesus died on a torture stake (not a cross),
so that men could work their way into God's Kingdom. This
Jesus/Michael now rules over his Kingdom invisibly since 1914. (Since he
failed to show up then, to destroy the unfaithful, he was declared by the
Watchtower "powers that be," to be invisible!)
(2) "We believe in the second coming of Jesus Christ." -- The angel Michael
turned his attention to the affairs of the Earth in 1914 by establishing an
invisible heavenly kingdom. This is what is meant by "second coming." He will
never return visibly to Earth, but will rule through his "anointed" or
"remnant" group of JWs here on Earth.
(3) "Jesus was resurrected." -- God (Jehovah) placed a newly created copy of
Jesus' life pattern (or personality) into a newly created Michael the
Archangel's spiritual (not physical) body. Since Jesus had been totally
annihilated, Jehovah had to recreate Jesus from his memory, and he is now
Jesus/Michael in heaven.
* Unless otherwise cited, three primary sources were used for this report: (1) Grolier's 1995 Multimedia Encyclopedia, (2) Funk & Wagnall's Encyclopedia, and (3) What They Believe, Harold J. Berry [HJB], BTTB:1990, pp. 51-70; (4) "Watchtower Bible and Tract Society," Rick Branch (Watchman Fellowship Profile, 1993); and (5) Examining & Exposing Cultic & Occultic Movements, Jack Sin, "Focus on JWs," April 2000, pp. 16-20.
